Module java.base
Package java.util.concurrent

Class SynchronousQueue<E>

java.lang.Object
java.util.AbstractCollection<E>
java.util.AbstractQueue<E>
java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue<E>
Type Parameters:
E - the type of elements held in this queue
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, Iterable<E>, Collection<E>, BlockingQueue<E>, Queue<E>
public class SynchronousQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E> implements BlockingQueue<E>, Serializable
A blocking queue in which each insert operation must wait for a corresponding remove operation by another thread, and vice versa. A synchronous queue does not have any internal capacity, not even a capacity of one. You cannot peek at a synchronous queue because an element is only present when you try to remove it; you cannot insert an element (using any method) unless another thread is trying to remove it; you cannot iterate as there is nothing to iterate. The head of the queue is the element that the first queued inserting thread is trying to add to the queue; if there is no such queued thread then no element is available for removal and poll() will return null. For purposes of other Collection methods (for example contains), a SynchronousQueue acts as an empty collection. This queue does not permit null elements.

Synchronous queues are similar to rendezvous channels used in CSP and Ada. They are well suited for handoff designs, in which an object running in one thread must sync up with an object running in another thread in order to hand it some information, event, or task.

This class supports an optional fairness policy for ordering waiting producer and consumer threads. By default, this ordering is not guaranteed. However, a queue constructed with fairness set to true grants threads access in FIFO order.

This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the Collection and Iterator interfaces.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:
1.5
See Also:
Serialized Form

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    SynchronousQueue()
    Creates a SynchronousQueue with nonfair access policy.
    SynchronousQueue​(boolean fair)
    Creates a SynchronousQueue with the specified fairness policy.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    void
    clear()
    Does nothing.
    boolean
    contains​(Object o)
    Always returns false.
    boolean
    containsAll​(Collection<?> c)
    Returns false unless the given collection is empty.
    int
    drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c)
    Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
    int
    drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
    Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
    boolean
    isEmpty()
    Always returns true.
    Iterator<E>
    iterator()
    Returns an empty iterator in which hasNext always returns false.
    boolean
    offer​(E e)
    Inserts the specified element into this queue, if another thread is waiting to receive it.
    boolean
    offer​(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
    Inserts the specified element into this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for another thread to receive it.
    E
    peek()
    Always returns null.
    E
    poll()
    Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, if another thread is currently making an element available.
    E
    poll​(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
    Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time, for another thread to insert it.
    void
    put​(E e)
    Adds the specified element to this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to receive it.
    int
    remainingCapacity()
    Always returns zero.
    boolean
    remove​(Object o)
    Always returns false.
    boolean
    removeAll​(Collection<?> c)
    Always returns false.
    boolean
    retainAll​(Collection<?> c)
    Always returns false.
    int
    size()
    Always returns zero.
    Spliterator<E>
    spliterator()
    Returns an empty spliterator in which calls to trySplit always return null.
    E
    take()
    Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to insert it.
    Object[]
    toArray()
    Returns a zero-length array.
    <T> T[]
    toArray​(T[] a)
    Sets the zeroth element of the specified array to null (if the array has non-zero length) and returns it.
    String
    toString()
    Always returns "[]".

    Methods declared in class java.util.AbstractQueue

    add, addAll, element, remove

    Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

    Methods declared in interface java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue

    add

    Methods declared in interface java.util.Collection

    addAll, equals, hashCode, parallelStream, removeIf, stream, toArray

    Methods declared in interface java.lang.Iterable

    forEach

    Methods declared in interface java.util.Queue

    element, remove

  • Constructor Details

    • SynchronousQueue

      public SynchronousQueue()
      Creates a SynchronousQueue with nonfair access policy.

    • SynchronousQueue

      public SynchronousQueue​(boolean fair)
      Creates a SynchronousQueue with the specified fairness policy.
      Parameters:
      fair - if true, waiting threads contend in FIFO order for access; otherwise the order is unspecified.

  • Method Details

    • put

      public void put​(E e) throws InterruptedException
      Adds the specified element to this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to receive it.
      Specified by:
      put in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Parameters:
      e - the element to add
      Throws:
      InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting
      NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

    • offer

      public boolean offer​(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException
      Inserts the specified element into this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for another thread to receive it.
      Specified by:
      offer in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Parameters:
      e - the element to add
      timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
      unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
      Returns:
      true if successful, or false if the specified waiting time elapses before a consumer appears
      Throws:
      InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting
      NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

    • offer

      public boolean offer​(E e)
      Inserts the specified element into this queue, if another thread is waiting to receive it.
      Specified by:
      offer in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Specified by:
      offer in interface Queue<E>
      Parameters:
      e - the element to add
      Returns:
      true if the element was added to this queue, else false
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

    • take

      public E take() throws InterruptedException
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to insert it.
      Specified by:
      take in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Returns:
      the head of this queue
      Throws:
      InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

    • poll

      public E poll​(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time, for another thread to insert it.
      Specified by:
      poll in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Parameters:
      timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
      unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
      Returns:
      the head of this queue, or null if the specified waiting time elapses before an element is present
      Throws:
      InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

    • poll

      public E poll()
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, if another thread is currently making an element available.
      Specified by:
      poll in interface Queue<E>
      Returns:
      the head of this queue, or null if no element is available

    • isEmpty

      public boolean isEmpty()
      Always returns true. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      isEmpty in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      isEmpty in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Returns:
      true

    • size

      public int size()
      Always returns zero. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      size in interface Collection<E>
      Returns:
      zero

    • remainingCapacity

      public int remainingCapacity()
      Always returns zero. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      remainingCapacity in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Returns:
      zero

    • clear

      public void clear()
      Does nothing. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      clear in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      clear in class AbstractQueue<E>

    • contains

      public boolean contains​(Object o)
      Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      contains in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Specified by:
      contains in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      contains in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Parameters:
      o - the element
      Returns:
      false

    • remove

      public boolean remove​(Object o)
      Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      remove in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Specified by:
      remove in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      remove in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Parameters:
      o - the element to remove
      Returns:
      false

    • containsAll

      public boolean containsAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Returns false unless the given collection is empty. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      containsAll in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      containsAll in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Parameters:
      c - the collection
      Returns:
      false unless given collection is empty
      See Also:
      AbstractCollection.contains(Object)

    • removeAll

      public boolean removeAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      removeAll in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      removeAll in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Parameters:
      c - the collection
      Returns:
      false
      See Also:
      AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)

    • retainAll

      public boolean retainAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.
      Specified by:
      retainAll in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      retainAll in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Parameters:
      c - the collection
      Returns:
      false
      See Also:
      AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)

    • peek

      public E peek()
      Always returns null. A SynchronousQueue does not return elements unless actively waited on.
      Specified by:
      peek in interface Queue<E>
      Returns:
      null

    • iterator

      public Iterator<E> iterator()
      Returns an empty iterator in which hasNext always returns false.
      Specified by:
      iterator in interface Collection<E>
      Specified by:
      iterator in interface Iterable<E>
      Specified by:
      iterator in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Returns:
      an empty iterator

    • spliterator

      public Spliterator<E> spliterator()
      Returns an empty spliterator in which calls to trySplit always return null.
      Specified by:
      spliterator in interface Collection<E>
      Specified by:
      spliterator in interface Iterable<E>
      Returns:
      an empty spliterator
      Since:
      1.8

    • toArray

      public Object[] toArray()
      Returns a zero-length array.
      Specified by:
      toArray in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      toArray in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Returns:
      a zero-length array

    • toArray

      public <T> T[] toArray​(T[] a)
      Sets the zeroth element of the specified array to null (if the array has non-zero length) and returns it.
      Specified by:
      toArray in interface Collection<E>
      Overrides:
      toArray in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Type Parameters:
      T - the component type of the array to contain the collection
      Parameters:
      a - the array
      Returns:
      the specified array
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - if the specified array is null

    • toString

      public String toString()
      Always returns "[]".
      Overrides:
      toString in class AbstractCollection<E>
      Returns:
      "[]"

    • drainTo

      public int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c)
      Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
      Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. This operation may be more efficient than repeatedly polling this queue. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.
      Specified by:
      drainTo in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Parameters:
      c - the collection to transfer elements into
      Returns:
      the number of elements transferred
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
      ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
      NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
      IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

    • drainTo

      public int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
      Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
      Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.
      Specified by:
      drainTo in interface BlockingQueue<E>
      Parameters:
      c - the collection to transfer elements into
      maxElements - the maximum number of elements to transfer
      Returns:
      the number of elements transferred
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
      ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
      NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
      IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection