Module java.base
Package java.nio.channels

Class SocketChannel

java.lang.Object
java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel
java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel
java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractSelectableChannel
java.nio.channels.SocketChannel
All Implemented Interfaces:
Closeable, AutoCloseable, ByteChannel, Channel, GatheringByteChannel, InterruptibleChannel, NetworkChannel, ReadableByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, WritableByteChannel
public abstract class SocketChannel extends AbstractSelectableChannel implements ByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, NetworkChannel
A selectable channel for stream-oriented connecting sockets.

A socket channel is created by invoking one of the open methods of this class. The no-arg open method opens a socket channel for an Internet protocol socket. The open(ProtocolFamily) method is used to open a socket channel for a socket of a specified protocol family. It is not possible to create a channel for an arbitrary, pre-existing socket. A newly-created socket channel is open but not yet connected. An attempt to invoke an I/O operation upon an unconnected channel will cause a NotYetConnectedException to be thrown. A socket channel can be connected by invoking its connect method; once connected, a socket channel remains connected until it is closed. Whether or not a socket channel is connected may be determined by invoking its isConnected method.

Socket channels support non-blocking connection: A socket channel may be created and the process of establishing the link to the remote socket may be initiated via the connect method for later completion by the finishConnect method. Whether or not a connection operation is in progress may be determined by invoking the isConnectionPending method.

Socket channels support asynchronous shutdown, which is similar to the asynchronous close operation specified in the Channel class. If the input side of a socket is shut down by one thread while another thread is blocked in a read operation on the socket's channel, then the read operation in the blocked thread will complete without reading any bytes and will return -1. If the output side of a socket is shut down by one thread while another thread is blocked in a write operation on the socket's channel, then the blocked thread will receive an AsynchronousCloseException.

Socket options are configured using the setOption method. Socket channels for Internet protocol sockets support following options:

Socket options
Option Name Description
SO_SNDBUF The size of the socket send buffer
SO_RCVBUF The size of the socket receive buffer
SO_KEEPALIVE Keep connection alive
SO_REUSEADDR Re-use address
SO_LINGER Linger on close if data is present (when configured in blocking mode only)
TCP_NODELAY Disable the Nagle algorithm

Socket channels for Unix domain sockets support:

Socket options
Option Name Description
SO_SNDBUF The size of the socket send buffer
SO_RCVBUF The size of the socket receive buffer
SO_LINGER Linger on close if data is present (when configured in blocking mode only)

Additional (implementation specific) options may also be supported.

Socket channels are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. They support concurrent reading and writing, though at most one thread may be reading and at most one thread may be writing at any given time. The connect and finishConnect methods are mutually synchronized against each other, and an attempt to initiate a read or write operation while an invocation of one of these methods is in progress will block until that invocation is complete.

Since:
1.4

  • Constructor Details

    • SocketChannel

      protected SocketChannel​(SelectorProvider provider)
      Initializes a new instance of this class.
      Parameters:
      provider - The provider that created this channel

  • Method Details

    • open

      public static SocketChannel open() throws IOException
      Opens a socket channel for an Internet protocol socket.

      The new channel is created by invoking the openSocketChannel method of the system-wide default SelectorProvider object.

      Returns:
      A new socket channel
      Throws:
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs
      See Also:
      java.net.preferIPv4Stack system property

    • open

      public static SocketChannel open​(ProtocolFamily family) throws IOException
      Opens a socket channel. The family parameter specifies the protocol family of the channel's socket.

      The new channel is created by invoking the openSocketChannel(ProtocolFamily) method of the system-wide default. SelectorProvider object.

      Parameters:
      family - The protocol family
      Returns:
      A new socket channel
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - If the specified protocol family is not supported. For example, suppose the parameter is specified as StandardProtocolFamily.INET6 but IPv6 is not enabled on the platform.
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs
      Since:
      15
      See Also:
      java.net.preferIPv4Stack system property

    • open

      public static SocketChannel open​(SocketAddress remote) throws IOException
      Opens a socket channel and connects it to a remote address.

      If the remote address is an InetSocketAddress then this method works as if by invoking the open() method, invoking the connect method upon the resulting socket channel, passing it remote, and then returning that channel.

      If the remote address is a UnixDomainSocketAddress then this works by invoking the open(ProtocolFamily) method with StandardProtocolFamily.UNIX as parameter, invoking the connect method upon the resulting socket channel, passing it remote, then returning that channel.

      Parameters:
      remote - The remote address to which the new channel is to be connected
      Returns:
      A new, and connected, socket channel
      Throws:
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      UnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is an InetSocketAddress that is not fully resolved
      UnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supported
      SecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and it does not permit access to the given remote endpoint
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs
      See Also:
      java.net.preferIPv4Stack system property

    • validOps

      public final int validOps()
      Returns an operation set identifying this channel's supported operations.

      Socket channels support connecting, reading, and writing, so this method returns (SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT | SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE).

      Specified by:
      validOps in class SelectableChannel
      Returns:
      The valid-operation set

    • bind

      public abstract SocketChannel bind​(SocketAddress local) throws IOException
      Binds the channel's socket to a local address.

      This method is used to establish an association between the socket and a local address. For Internet Protocol sockets, once an association is established then the socket remains bound until the channel is closed. If the local parameter has the value null then the socket will be bound to an address that is assigned automatically.

      Specified by:
      bind in interface NetworkChannel
      API Note:
      Binding a socket channel to a Unix Domain socket creates a file corresponding to the file path in the UnixDomainSocketAddress. This file persists after the channel is closed, and must be removed before another socket can bind to the same name. If a socket channel to a Unix Domain socket is implicitly bound by connecting it without calling bind first, then its socket is unnamed with no corresponding socket file in the file-system. If a socket channel to a Unix Domain socket is automatically bound by calling bind(null) this results in an unnamed socket also.
      Implementation Note:
      Each platform enforces an implementation specific maximum length for the name of a Unix Domain socket. This limitation is enforced when a channel is bound. The maximum length is typically close to and generally not less than 100 bytes.
      Parameters:
      local - The address to bind the socket, or null to bind the socket to an automatically assigned socket address
      Returns:
      This channel
      Throws:
      ConnectionPendingException - If a non-blocking connect operation is already in progress on this channel
      AlreadyBoundException - If the socket is already bound
      UnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given address is not supported
      ClosedChannelException - If the channel is closed
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs
      SecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and its checkListen method denies the operation for an Internet protocol socket address, or for a Unix domain socket address if it denies NetPermission("accessUnixDomainSocket").
      Since:
      1.7
      See Also:
      NetworkChannel.getLocalAddress()

    • setOption

      public abstract <T> SocketChannel setOption​(SocketOption<T> name, T value) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: NetworkChannel
      Sets the value of a socket option.
      Specified by:
      setOption in interface NetworkChannel
      Type Parameters:
      T - The type of the socket option value
      Parameters:
      name - The socket option
      value - The value of the socket option. A value of null may be a valid value for some socket options.
      Returns:
      This channel
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - If the socket option is not supported by this channel
      IllegalArgumentException - If the value is not a valid value for this socket option
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs
      Since:
      1.7
      See Also:
      StandardSocketOptions

    • shutdownInput

      public abstract SocketChannel shutdownInput() throws IOException
      Shutdown the connection for reading without closing the channel.

      Once shutdown for reading then further reads on the channel will return -1, the end-of-stream indication. If the input side of the connection is already shutdown then invoking this method has no effect.

      Returns:
      The channel
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs
      Since:
      1.7

    • shutdownOutput

      public abstract SocketChannel shutdownOutput() throws IOException
      Shutdown the connection for writing without closing the channel.

      Once shutdown for writing then further attempts to write to the channel will throw ClosedChannelException. If the output side of the connection is already shutdown then invoking this method has no effect.

      Returns:
      The channel
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs
      Since:
      1.7

    • socket

      public abstract Socket socket()
      Retrieves a socket associated with this channel.
      Returns:
      A socket associated with this channel
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - If the channel's socket is not an Internet protocol socket

    • isConnected

      public abstract boolean isConnected()
      Tells whether or not this channel's network socket is connected.
      Returns:
      true if, and only if, this channel's network socket is open and connected

    • isConnectionPending

      public abstract boolean isConnectionPending()
      Tells whether or not a connection operation is in progress on this channel.
      Returns:
      true if, and only if, a connection operation has been initiated on this channel but not yet completed by invoking the finishConnect method

    • connect

      public abstract boolean connect​(SocketAddress remote) throws IOException
      Connects this channel's socket.

      If this channel is in non-blocking mode then an invocation of this method initiates a non-blocking connection operation. If the connection is established immediately, as can happen with a local connection, then this method returns true. Otherwise this method returns false and the connection operation must later be completed by invoking the finishConnect method.

      If this channel is in blocking mode then an invocation of this method will block until the connection is established or an I/O error occurs.

      For channels to Internet protocol sockets, this method performs exactly the same security checks as the Socket class. That is, if a security manager has been installed then this method verifies that its checkConnect method permits connecting to the address and port number of the given remote endpoint.

      For channels to Unix Domain sockets, this method checks NetPermission ("accessUnixDomainSocket") with the security manager's checkPermission method.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt is initiated but fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.

      Parameters:
      remote - The remote address to which this channel is to be connected
      Returns:
      true if a connection was established, false if this channel is in non-blocking mode and the connection operation is in progress
      Throws:
      AlreadyConnectedException - If this channel is already connected
      ConnectionPendingException - If a non-blocking connection operation is already in progress on this channel
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      UnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is an InetSocketAddress that is not fully resolved
      UnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supported
      SecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and it does not permit access to the given remote endpoint
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • finishConnect

      public abstract boolean finishConnect() throws IOException
      Finishes the process of connecting a socket channel.

      A non-blocking connection operation is initiated by placing a socket channel in non-blocking mode and then invoking its connect method. Once the connection is established, or the attempt has failed, the socket channel will become connectable and this method may be invoked to complete the connection sequence. If the connection operation failed then invoking this method will cause an appropriate IOException to be thrown.

      If this channel is already connected then this method will not block and will immediately return true. If this channel is in non-blocking mode then this method will return false if the connection process is not yet complete. If this channel is in blocking mode then this method will block until the connection either completes or fails, and will always either return true or throw a checked exception describing the failure.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.

      Returns:
      true if, and only if, this channel's socket is now connected
      Throws:
      NoConnectionPendingException - If this channel is not connected and a connection operation has not been initiated
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • getRemoteAddress

      public abstract SocketAddress getRemoteAddress() throws IOException
      Returns the remote address to which this channel's socket is connected.

      Where the channel's socket is bound and connected to an Internet Protocol socket address then the return value is of type InetSocketAddress.

      Where the channel's socket is bound and connected to a Unix Domain socket address, the returned address is a UnixDomainSocketAddress.

      Returns:
      The remote address; null if the channel's socket is not connected
      Throws:
      ClosedChannelException - If the channel is closed
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs
      Since:
      1.7

    • read

      public abstract int read​(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: ReadableByteChannel
      Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.

      An attempt is made to read up to r bytes from the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, dst.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.

      Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred into the buffer so that the first byte in the sequence is at index p and the last byte is at index p + n - 1, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.

      A read operation might not fill the buffer, and in fact it might not read any bytes at all. Whether or not it does so depends upon the nature and state of the channel. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot read any more bytes than are immediately available from the socket's input buffer; similarly, a file channel cannot read any more bytes than remain in the file. It is guaranteed, however, that if a channel is in blocking mode and there is at least one byte remaining in the buffer then this method will block until at least one byte is read.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

      Specified by:
      read in interface ReadableByteChannel
      Parameters:
      dst - The buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
      Returns:
      The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • read

      public abstract long read​(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: ScatteringByteChannel
      Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the given buffers.

      An invocation of this method attempts to read up to r bytes from this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is, 

       dsts[offset].remaining()
     + dsts[offset+1].remaining()
     + ... + dsts[offset+length-1].remaining()
      at the moment that this method is invoked.

      Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first dsts[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are transferred into buffer dsts[offset], up to the next dsts[offset+1].remaining() bytes are transferred into buffer dsts[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is transferred into the given buffers. As many bytes as possible are transferred into each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

      Specified by:
      read in interface ScatteringByteChannel
      Parameters:
      dsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
      offset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer into which bytes are to be transferred; must be non-negative and no larger than dsts.length
      length - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be non-negative and no larger than dsts.length - offset
      Returns:
      The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • read

      public final long read​(ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: ScatteringByteChannel
      Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.

      An invocation of this method of the form c.read(dsts) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation 

       c.read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);
      Specified by:
      read in interface ScatteringByteChannel
      Parameters:
      dsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
      Returns:
      The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • write

      public abstract int write​(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: WritableByteChannel
      Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.

      An attempt is made to write up to r bytes to the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, src.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.

      Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred from the buffer starting at index p, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked; the index of the last byte written will be p + n - 1. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.

      Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

      Specified by:
      write in interface WritableByteChannel
      Parameters:
      src - The buffer from which bytes are to be retrieved
      Returns:
      The number of bytes written, possibly zero
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • write

      public abstract long write​(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: GatheringByteChannel
      Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the given buffers.

      An attempt is made to write up to r bytes to this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining in the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is, 

       srcs[offset].remaining()
     + srcs[offset+1].remaining()
     + ... + srcs[offset+length-1].remaining()
      at the moment that this method is invoked.

      Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first srcs[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are written from buffer srcs[offset], up to the next srcs[offset+1].remaining() bytes are written from buffer srcs[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is written. As many bytes as possible are written from each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.

      Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.

      This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

      Specified by:
      write in interface GatheringByteChannel
      Parameters:
      srcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrieved
      offset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer from which bytes are to be retrieved; must be non-negative and no larger than srcs.length
      length - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be non-negative and no larger than srcs.length - offset
      Returns:
      The number of bytes written, possibly zero
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • write

      public final long write​(ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException
      Description copied from interface: GatheringByteChannel
      Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.

      An invocation of this method of the form c.write(srcs) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation 

       c.write(srcs, 0, srcs.length);
      Specified by:
      write in interface GatheringByteChannel
      Parameters:
      srcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrieved
      Returns:
      The number of bytes written, possibly zero
      Throws:
      NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
      ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
      AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
      ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
      IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

    • getLocalAddress

      public abstract SocketAddress getLocalAddress() throws IOException
      Returns the socket address that this channel's socket is bound to.

      Where the channel is bound to an Internet Protocol socket address then the return value from this method is of type InetSocketAddress. If there is a security manager set, its checkConnect method is called with the local address and -1 as its arguments to see if the operation is allowed. If the operation is not allowed, a SocketAddress representing the loopback address and the local port of the channel's socket is returned.

      Where the channel is bound to a Unix Domain socket address, the socket address is a UnixDomainSocketAddress. If there is a security manager set, its checkPermission method is called with NetPermission ("accessUnixDomainSocket"). If the operation is not allowed an unnamed UnixDomainSocketAddress is returned.

      Specified by:
      getLocalAddress in interface NetworkChannel
      Returns:
      The SocketAddress that the socket is bound to, or the SocketAddress representing the loopback address or empty path if denied by the security manager, or null if the channel's socket is not bound
      Throws:
      ClosedChannelException - If the channel is closed
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs